However, ZIBs generally show lower Coulombic (charge) efficiency than state of the art LIBs, larger overpotentials for plating and striping on the negative electrode, and the possibility of dendritic failure. Moreover, zinc is more compatible with aqueous electrolytes. Depending on the ZIB positive electrode, such theoretical advantages may also be present when comparing to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Research Motivation and issues Ĭompared to lithium metal, a zinc negative electrode holds a higher theoretical volumetric capacity and natural abundance. Eos Energy Storage is producing 1.5GWh of ‘Made in America’ zinc batteries to be used in the Texas and California electric grids. For example, Eos Energy Storage is developing a zinc-halide battery in which the cathode reaction involves the oxidation and reduction of halides. Other forms of rechargeable zinc batteries are also being developed for stationary energy storage, although these are not explicitly zinc-ion. The Canadian company Salient Energy is commercialising the zinc-ion battery technology. The University of Waterloo in Canada owns patent rights to zinc-ion battery technology developed in its laboratories. In 2011, Feiyu Kang's group showcased for the first time the reversible Zn-ion insertion into the tunnel structure of alpha-type manganese dioxide (MnO 2) host used as the cathode in a ZIB. Thus, ZIBs are different than non-rechargeable (primary) batteries which use zinc, such as alkaline or zinc–carbon batteries. Generally, the term zinc-ion battery is reserved for rechargeable (secondary) batteries, which are sometimes also referred to as rechargeable zinc metal batteries (RZMB). Specifically, ZIBs utilize Zn as the anode, Zn-intercalating materials as the cathode, and a Zn-containing electrolyte. Battery that uses zinc ions as the charge carriersĪ zinc-ion battery or Zn-ion battery (abbreviated as ZIB) uses zinc ions (Zn 2+) as the charge carriers.
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